Nematodes - Microscopic, roundworms and threadworms that eat away at plant roots.
BIA (Biolelectrical Impedance Analysis) - a means to determine the proportion of fat and non-fat in a person`s body weight. Non-fat weight comes from bone, muscle, body water, organs, and other bodily tissues. BIA works by measuring how problematic it is for a safe electrical charge to move through the body. The greater the proportion of fat in a person`s body, the tougher it is for an electrical current to run through the body. The less fat a person has, the easier it is for an electric current to run through the subject`s body. By measuring the transmission of electricity, it is possible to measure the proportion of body weight that is made up of fat.
Plants produce and store carbohydrates as their principal energy source. The simple sugar (glucose) synthesized in the plant leaves is used as the basis to produce more complex forms of carbohydrates. The classification of carbohydrates relates to their structural core sugars, saccharides. The chief monosaccharides (simple carbohydrates consisting of a single sugar molecule) that are found in food nutrients are glucose (also called dextrose) and fructose. Three common disaccharides (two sugars linked together) are sucrose, maltose, and lactose. Polysaccharides that play a role in nutrition include starch, dextrin, glycogen, and cellulose.
Herbicides - a special class of chemical plant-killers employed to inhibit or kill parasitical plants like weeds on farms and in forests, as well as in non-agricultural applications, such as on golf courses, public tracts of land and household lawns.
Low-calorie Sweetener Blends - blends of low-calorie sweetening agents in foods and beverages that may act exponentially to produce the preferred extent of sweetness in smaller quantities than the sweeteners utilized singly. The resultant flavor often better meets consumer expectations of a sweetness profile, which is as near as possible a resemblance to sugar or similar caloric sweetening agents. The food products could, in addition, have better sweetness consistency that remains unchanged from production to consumption. Health authorities world-wide have logically inferred that none of the scientific findings lead one to anticipate that there will be any consequences on health or normal function from combined sweeteners, separate and apart from any effects that take place with the use of the component low-calorie sweeteners, and no such effects have been observed or recorded.
Casein - the principal protein present in milk from cows, which forms curds in the presence of acid.
Diabetes Mellitus - a metabolic disease that is due to the body`s inability to regulate blood sugar. Blood glucose levels are regulated by insulin, a hormone in the body that helps move glucose (sugar) from the blood to muscles and other tissues. Diabetes arises when the pancreas cannot produce insulin or the body does not respond adequately to the insulin that the pancreas secretes. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus - juvenile diabetes and adult-onset diabetes.
WIC - Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. Founded in `72, the WIC program supplies dietary information to better the dietary condition of pregnant and lactating women who are medically considered to be at great risk, and children who are 5 or younger, from low-income families. The program is conducted by the USDA (US Department of Agriculture).
CSFII (Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals) - part of the National Nutrition Monitoring System, which was the first nationwide dietary intake survey designed to be conducted annually. The survey is carried out by the USDA.
Thermal Effect of Food - the increase in how much energy is spent during the processes of the breakdown, assimilation and synthesis of food intake; this value denotes approximately 10 % of an individual`s total energy usage, which includes facultative thermogenesis and obligatory thermogenesis; often called DIT (diet-induced thermogenesis).
Insulin - a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps transport glucose (sugar) from the blood to other cells and tissues. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels.
Candida - an yeast-like fungal infection usually occurring around female genitalia.
Internal Obliques - the group of muscles that run under both sides of the abdominal muscles, allowing turning and flexing of the waist. Internal obliques are located under the external obliques.
Abductors - muscles of the inner side of the thigh that bring the calves together. Abductors attach the hip bone (pelvis) with the thighbone (femur). This group of muscles is brought into play during Rollerblading, skiing or when doing frog stroke when swimming.
Basophils - blood cells that, when connected to immunoglobulin E antibodies secrete histamine or additional substances that cause hypersensitive reactions.
Nutritionist - a health professional who has specific formal training in the field of nutrition and who has the skill to give advice in regard to choosing the right foods and plan healthy diets. Also called a dietician.
Protein - a class of highly complex organic compounds which are the elementary foundation of all living cells and are, as such, indispensable in the diet of animals to help the body grow, maintain and repair tissues and cells. It is a nutrient present in food. Chemically, protein is a complex nitrogen compound constructed of one or more chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Dietary proteins contribute to the synthesis of tissue protein and several other specific metabolic functions. In anabolic processes (the building up of proteins from simpler molecules in the body), they provide the amino acids needed to build and maintain body cells and tissues. As an energy source, proteins are equivalent to carbohydrates in yielding 4 calories for each gram. Proteins play a leading role in the construction and maintenance of body cells and tissues and in the production of enzymes, hormones and numerous body fluids and secretions. Proteins have a vital role in the transport of certain fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins and help maintain the body`s internal stability.
The human body can form some amino acids, but other amino acids can only be extracted from food. The amino acids the body can make are called `nonessential` or `dispensable` as it is not so necessary to obtain these acids from dietary intake (they are able to be extracted from food by the body). The amino acids that are only obtainable from food are called `essential` or `indispensable`. The body cannot manufacture them, which is why it is important to eat different kinds of proteins in the dietary intake. Proteins are present in meat, poultry, eggs, milk, beans, tofu, and nuts. Foods such as grains, fruits and vegetables contain low levels of proteins.
Aerobic - living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen.
Sorbitol - a naturally occurring sugar-like compound used as a sweetening agent for foods.
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